Cost Plus vs Fixed Price — Which Contract Protects You?

EPISODE 55: The Two Forks in the Trail — Cost Plus vs. Fixed Price

Series: The Awakened Homeowner Podcast

Sub-Series: Contracting Methods (within the World of Construction playlist)

Host: Bill Reid, Your Home Building Coach

Topic Tags: contracting methods, cost plus, fixed price, lump sum, GMP, risk allocation, construction contracts, design documents, scope of work

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[: 00:00

Bill Reid: All right, everybody, welcome back to The Awakened Homeowner. You know who I am — Bill Reid, your home building coach.

Let's imagine this. You've done the work. You completed the design. You pulled the estimates. You compared bids. You ranked your contractors. You picked your builder. And you're sitting across the table from them, ready to make it official. Then they ask you a question that stops you cold right in your tracks.

They say, "How do you want to structure the contract? Cost plus or fixed price?"

In that moment, if you don't know what those two things actually mean, you are about to make a decision that affects every single dollar you spend on the rest of the project. Today, I'm going to make sure that doesn't happen to you.

If you've been with us through the estimating series — that was Episodes 50 through 54 — you are sitting on a foundation almost no homeowner has. You know what an estimate actually is. You know how to compare the bids. You know how to rank contractors. And now we're moving into the next milestone in your journey: the contract itself.

This is Episode 55, and it is the premiere of a brand-new sub-series within the World of Construction playlist: Contracting Methods.

Today is the introduction. Over the next several episodes, we're going to take each method apart in detail, but today we're laying the foundation. By the end of this episode, you will know — in plain English — what cost plus actually means and when it makes sense, what fixed price actually means and when it makes sense, why this is really a conversation about risk and not just price, and how to figure out which one fits your project.

Here's the way I think about it. You've been hiking up a long trail to get to this point. The design work, the estimating, the contractor selection — all of it has been the climb. Now you've come to a fork. Two paths, and they go to two completely different places. One path is called fixed price. The other path is called cost plus.

These are terminologies used in the world of construction, both residential and commercial. But they each pose significant differences — different risks, advantages, disadvantages, pros and cons. And as a homeowner, you have to be extremely careful what you get yourself into here, because it could be a disaster at the bend in the trail.

The path you choose determines how risk, control, and money flow through your project from this point forward.

A fixed price — you may also hear people call it lump sum or stipulated sum — they're all the same thing wearing different hats. One number, locked in.

Cost plus — you may also hear it called time and materials, T&M, or cost plus fee — same thing wearing different hats. Actual cost plus a markup.

There are also hybrid paths between these two forks: guaranteed maximum price (GMP), allowance-based contracts, and some others. We'll preview those at the end of this episode, and we'll do a full episode on hybrids later in the series.

But here's the thing most homeowners don't realize: they don't know they have a choice. They accept whatever the contractor proposes. And in my book, that's the moment where "awakened" becomes the difference between a project you're proud of and a project that becomes a story you tell at parties for the wrong reason.

There's a line I wrote in section 3.201 of my book that I want to pull right out and say to you on this episode: when homeowners walk into a contract without understanding it, they inevitably become entangled in a mess — and the bridge behind them just washed out. There's no turning back. That's the cost of not knowing.

So today, let's dig in. But before we get into what each method actually is, I need you to understand something most homeowners never realize. The contracting method conversation is not really about the price. It's about the risk — where it lives, who carries it, and how that shows up in your final cost.

That's where we're going next.

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[: 04:32

Bill Reid: Like I said, most homeowners walk into the contract conversation thinking the only question is price. How much is this project going to cost? But there's a deeper question hiding underneath that one, and it's the question that actually determines how the price moves over the life of the project.

That question is: who carries the risk?

Once you understand that, both methods start to make a lot more sense. Both of them start looking less like categories and more like positions.

Picture a pendulum hanging between you and your contractor. On one extreme of the swing, the contractor carries all the risk. On the other extreme of the swing, you, the homeowner, carry all the risk. Every contract method you've ever heard of — fixed price, cost plus, GMP, guaranteed maximum price — all of them are just a different position on this pendulum of risk.

Fixed price — that's the pendulum swung all the way to the contractor's side. They take on the risk that the project will cost more than they thought.

Cost plus — that's the pendulum swung all the way to your side as a homeowner. You take on the risk that the project will cost more than expected.

Hybrids like guaranteed maximum price, or what's sometimes called "not to exceed" (NTE), sit somewhere in the middle, and they share the risk on different terms.

Here's what I want you to take away from this section. Risk doesn't disappear in any contract. It just moves. Your job as an awakened homeowner is to know where it sits and whether you're comfortable having it sit there. When we talk about residential construction contract types, what we're really talking about is where construction contract risk lives.

Now, here's something most homeowners never hear from anybody. Whether you can even get a fixed price contract has very little to do with what you want and almost everything to do with the quality of your design documents.

Let me say that again, because it's that important. Whether you can even get a fixed price contract has almost nothing to do with what you want. It has almost everything to do with the quality of your design documents.

I've mentioned the quality of design documents — the plans, the specifications, the scope of work — hundreds of times. And here we are at this big milestone, the time you are about to sign a contract with a contractor to build your project.

A contractor cannot give you a fixed price unless they know exactly what they're building. And knowing exactly what they're building requires complete plans, complete specifications, and a complete scope of work — documents they can read, interpret, include in their pricing, and that become part of the actual contract itself.

If your plans are mediocre, no smart contractor is going to offer you a fixed price. They're going to insist on a cost plus option. Keep in mind, as I mentioned earlier in the pendulum swing, that this is a risk position.

If your goal is fixed price and you tell your design professional, "Listen, I would prefer — I'd feel more comfortable with — a fixed price contract," what that signals to the designer is a couple of things. One, this homeowner really wants a thorough, well-thought-out design. Honestly, most design professionals are going to welcome that. They're going to welcome the opportunity to do a high-quality job.

But here's the thing — you're going to invest more money, likely, in that set of plans and specifications. Because very often, if it's not clear between the two parties — the design professional and the homeowner — that this is your goal, things will inevitably get left out, incomplete, not thoroughly worked out. And that liability passes all the way through to the contractor. Then they are expected to interpret it, and this is where the risk starts to widen open.

When a contractor insists on cost plus, they need to have some reasoning for that. If their reasoning is that your plans are mediocre, that's very valid. But be careful — sometimes contractors just want to go cost plus because, frankly, it's easier for them. They don't have to spend as much time bidding or costing out the project. They want to get the project started faster. You want to get the project started faster.

So a contractor may come to you and say, "Well, looks like it's going to be $928,500, give or take. And I will do this on a cost plus basis." Okay — but what measures do we have in place to protect you as the homeowner? A lot of times, none.

When a high-integrity, high-quality contractor who has actually studied your plans insists on cost plus, they're not being difficult. They're simply protecting themselves from the incomplete information and missing specifications on the project.

This is exactly the payoff for everything we covered in Episode 53, when we walked through the bid package: the cover letter, the scope of work, the work breakdown structure, the formally titled bid set plans, the consultant reports — all of that documentation work. It is the foundation that makes fixed price even possible.

Here's a related dynamic I want to flag for you, because it's in section 3.203 of the book and it's worth pulling out here as well. Your architect is paying attention. If your architect senses that you are not prepared to pay them for the level of work required to generate comprehensive plans and specs — and I'm going to drive this point home again — if your architect senses that you're not prepared to pay them for the level of work required to generate comprehensive plans and specs, they may quietly produce bare-bones information. Not bad plans — just less than what's needed. And what that does is transfer the liability back to you. It locks you out of fixed price territory, whether you wanted to be there or not.

When you start your project, tell your architect on day one: "I want to contract this on a fixed price basis if possible. I'm willing to invest in the design work to get there." That signal, given on day one, changes the level of detail that shows up in your plans.

Now, I want to add something here that I think is important — and that wasn't even true 10 years ago. The residential construction industry is shifting slowly but steadily away from fixed price contracts as the default. There are several reasons for this.

terial price volatility since: 2020

Many high-end residential builders now default to cost plus or GMP for projects over a certain size. They're not being lazy. They're managing risk in a market where pinning a price six months out has become genuinely hard.

That does not mean fixed price is dead. It is alive and well for the well-documented, defined scope of work — especially major remodels where the scope is contained. But it does mean this: if you want a fixed price home-build contract in this market, you have to be a homeowner who earns it through preparation.

Contracting methods is a risk conversation. The risk pendulum sits in different places under different methods, determined by how thoroughly your project is documented. How much clearer can I say it?

So now let's look at the first method on the pendulum: cost plus.

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[: 12:48

Bill Reid: All right, let's start with the higher-risk path on the pendulum: cost plus. You may also hear it called time and materials, T&M, or cost plus fee. They're all the same thing wearing different hats.

To be clear from the jump: cost plus is not necessarily bad. Cost plus is not a scam. Cost plus has legitimate uses — but it has to be entered with eyes wide open, because of the way it sits on that risk pendulum, the homeowner is the one carrying the load.

Here's the simplest way to think about it. In a cost plus contract, you reimburse the contractor for every dollar they spend on your project. Then you pay them a markup on top of that — the "plus" part. That's it. That's the entire structure.

Costs are reimbursed: actual labor hours, actual material invoices, actual subcontractor bills, actual equipment rentals. On top of those costs, the contractor charges their P&O — I've mentioned this in previous episodes — profit and overhead. Typically 10%, which I think is too low for somebody to stay in business, upwards of 25% or sometimes even more, depending on the project, the size of the organization, and the complexity of the project.

If you remember, in Episode 49 we walked through P&O in detail. Markup is not just profit — it's overhead too. Payroll taxes, workers' comp, office staff, project management time. The actual net profit to the contractor, after all of that is paid, industry data shows somewhere between 1.4% and 9%.

Again, if you're at 1.4% as a builder, you're probably on your way out of business, because you have nothing left to support your business and grow your business.

But in a cost plus contract, you see all of that — the labor costs, the material costs, the sub costs — and then the markup applied to each one. Sometimes the "plus" is a percentage. Sometimes it's a fixed fee. Sometimes it's a hybrid. We'll talk about those at the end.

Here's the part homeowners often miss. You see everything — that's the open-book part of cost plus contracting. But you also pay for everything. Including mistakes. Including delays. Including complications. Unless you've negotiated otherwise in the contract.

Now, there are five situations where homeowners and contractors slide into a cost plus contract — sometimes deliberately, sometimes by default. These come straight from section 3.202 of the book, and I want you to recognize when you see them, because you may be in one of those patterns right now without even knowing it.

Trigger one: the homeowner is anxious to start construction. That's the impatience trigger.

Trigger two: the plans are mediocre. Documentation trigger.

Trigger three: the specifications and scope of work are incomplete. Also a documentation trigger.

Trigger four: the homeowner is unaware and inexperienced. Knowledge trigger.

Trigger five: price is not a priority for the homeowner. Priority trigger.

Here's my take. If three or more of these are true on your project, cost plus is essentially being chosen for you, whether you realize it or not. Recognizing that pattern is the first step to changing it.

Now, for our longtime listeners and book readers, you may remember Ace. "$300 bucks a foot, no problem" — that was Ace's answer. Easy answer, big smile, handshake, let's go.

Picture what happens when you sign a cost plus contract with Ace based on that conversation. Plans are thrown together, not detailed. Scope is loose — "we'll figure it out as we go." Ace gets to work. Every receipt, every invoice, every hour comes back to you. Three months in, you are 40% over the verbal estimate. And you're mad at Ace.

But here's the thing — and I have to be fair to Ace here — Ace did exactly what cost plus says he can do.

I wrote a line in the book about this scenario: you're locked in the car, you're in the back seat, and Ace takes you for a ride. You can't put all the blame on Ace. You didn't know — or you didn't want to see the truth — and you took a leap of faith. What happened after that is mostly on you. This is the trap of a cost plus custom home build. The price you thought you were getting was never the price you were actually going to pay.

Now, I've been a little hard on cost plus, so let me be fair here. There are scenarios where cost plus is genuinely the right call, and I want you to hear them so you can recognize when this method is actually serving you.

When does cost plus work? It works for the experienced homeowner with a serious building or remodeling history — someone who knows how to read a billing statement, who knows what to question, and who knows what receipts to ask for. It works in a tight, well-documented relationship with a transparent, ethical contractor. It works on a project where the scope genuinely cannot be defined upfront — historic restorations are a good example, deep gut renovations where you don't know what's behind the walls, a complex site with unknowns. It works on small or short-duration projects where setting up fixed price isn't worth the planning overhead. And it works for the homeowner who values flexibility and full transparency above price certainty.

If cost plus is the path you end up on — or the path that gets chosen for you — there are three mitigation strategies that move your contract closer to fixed price territory. We'll do a full deep dive in Episode 56, but here's the preview.

One: negotiate a not-to-exceed clause backed by a work breakdown structure budget. Ask your contractor for a high-level cost projection by that work breakdown structure, and then add language that caps the project at that number plus a small contingency.

Two: build in completion incentives. Cost plus has a weak finish incentive. Adding a bonus for finishing on time and on budget realigns the contractor's interests with yours.

Three: bring in third-party billing oversight. Your architect or an owner's agent reviewing every billing cycle. The fees you pay them get recouped the first time they catch a billing error or a construction defect.

That's cost plus. Open checkbook, full transparency, you carry the risk, the contractor carries almost none. Episode 56 is going to take this entire structure apart and show you exactly how to protect yourself if cost plus is the path you end up on.

Now let's walk over to the other fork of the trail: fixed price.

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[: 20:03

Bill Reid: All right, fixed price. Also called lump sum. Also sometimes called stipulated sum. If you see those three terms on a contract or hear them in a conversation, they all mean the same thing: one number locked in. The contractor takes on the risk that the project will cost more than they thought. You take on the certainty that you'll know what you're paying — provided you don't change your mind about anything.

Here's how it actually works. In a fixed price contract, the contractor takes your plans, your specifications, and your scope of work. They go back to their office. They calculate every dollar of labor, every dollar of materials, every subcontractor cost, every piece of equipment. They apply their profit and overhead to all of it, and they hand you back one number.

That number is the contract.

Now, let's be clear here. A fixed price contract ultimately ends up with one big number, but we are still going to require that it be broken out by the work breakdown structure, so we can use those dollar amounts to understand where the money's going, where you can maybe make revisions or changes, and so it ties into the future schedule of payments part of your contract that we'll be talking about.

So that fixed price number is the contract number. All four cost buckets — labor, materials, subs, equipment — are wrapped up into a single price. The P&O is built in. You don't see the markup line by line. The contractor absorbs that visibility on their side, and they hand you the number.

What do you care, as long as you're meeting your budget requirements? Frankly, you don't really care, as long as they are pricing the project off the plans, specifications, and scope of work. That's all you care about.

The price only changes if you change something — and that happens often too. That's a change order, governed by the contract. We'll talk about change order mechanics down the road in future episodes.

You don't need receipts. You don't track down invoices. You pay against milestones in a payment schedule. Payment one: completion of demolition. Payment two: completion of foundation. Payment three: floor framing. And so on. That's why you need that work breakdown structure — frankly, it's why the contractor needs that work breakdown structure too, because they need to reference how many dollars go into each stage of the project so they can legally and ethically bill you for milestone payments.

In some states, having a fixed price payment schedule in the contract is actually required by law. Section 3.218 of the book talks about this in detail.

For fixed price to even work, four things have to be in place — and I bet you're going to be able to guess them. If any one of these is missing, your contractor is either going to refuse to bid fixed price, or they're going to bid it and pad it so heavily it stops being competitive. These come straight from section 3.203 of the book. I got into some deep dives on this in the book, and I'm covering a lot of that right here.

Component one: a set of plans tailored and detailed to your desires.

Component two: thorough specifications and a detailed scope of work document.

Component three: a homeowner and design team willing to invest the time and money to deliver this thorough information.

Component four: a builder who is comfortable enough with the information provided to agree to a fixed price.

I want you to notice something here. Three out of four of these things are about you and your design team — not about the contractor. The contractor is the last step in the chain. The contract you can get is determined long before the contractor walks in. A fixed price home-build contract is the output of a process that starts months before bidding.

Let's keep in mind that there are a lot of other added benefits to generating a thorough set of detailed plans, specs, and scope of work. Let's not forget — you're trying to meet your expectations of your dream home that you've been thinking about for years. So it's not just to get a fixed price contract. You want peace of mind as you're going into a project. You don't want to lose track of how much money you're spending, which is very easy to do in the cost plus process.

Now, here's where homeowners can get tripped up — and I see this quite often. When you compare a fixed price proposal against a cost plus initial estimate, the fixed price number almost always looks higher. Homeowners look at that and think cost plus is cheaper. That is, by far, the wrong calculation.

Let me explain why. Fixed price builds in contingency. The contractor is taking on the risk. They have to protect themselves against unknowns, so they pad that number a bit. I'm sure they do. And that's fair — they're carrying weight that you're not carrying.

Cost plus initial estimates are not the final price. They are educated guesses with no ceiling. The number you're comparing to, in many cases, is fiction.

This is one of the biggest mistakes that homeowners make when they go out to bid. In fact, the biggest mistake is not even understanding what method of contracting the contractor is proposing as they're analyzing the bids. You could be looking at a bid for $800,000 from a cost plus contractor, and you could be looking at a fixed price bid of $890,000 from a fixed price contractor — but you may not know which is which. They may not have declared what they're doing. The fixed price contractor is likely to tell you. The cost plus contractor is not likely to tell you in the very beginning.

If you get where I'm going here — you cannot make an informed decision based on that incomplete information.

Here's some industry insight I want to share with you. This is something a builder told me once that has stuck with me ever since. In every single fixed price job, someone wins and someone loses. What does that mean? Either the contractor underestimates the cost of the work, eats it, and the client wins — or the contractor estimates correctly, hits their multiplier, and comes out ahead, sometimes way ahead.

But I would argue that's usually not the case. As a contractor who specialized in fixed price contracting for my entire career, I'm not sure I can think of any time where we came out way ahead. We usually had to do some absorbing. Yes, we did factor that contingency into our estimating, because the type of clientele I had — they did not want to have the nuisance or the headache of reviewing invoices and receipts. They just had no time for that. So that was the niche I carved out, and it worked out really well.

And no, we didn't get way ahead on projects. We did fine on some. Sometimes we got a little bit higher profit margin. More often than not, we got a lower profit margin than expected — but within reason. Because, of course, we were a design-build business, so I had a vested interest in making sure those plans and specifications were correct before I actually provided the contract to the customer. They were getting what they wanted, the pricing was fair, and I didn't have to bother them during construction. We just got the job done. That's what contributed to my success with hundreds — maybe thousands — of customers over 35 years.

So that's kind of the truth about fixed price. It's a position on the risk pendulum, and at the end of the day, somebody is going to be on the better side of that position. Is it going to be some huge margin? No. But it's not gaming you. It's that risk having a price. You are paying for someone else to carry the load, and that price is fair when you're getting cost certainty in exchange.

Here's what most homeowners never really see. On most well-documented residential projects, fixed price comes in at or below where cost plus would have landed at completion. Not at the bid stage — at the finish line. The cost plus number that looked cheaper at the start is not the number the homeowner actually pays at the end.

And you're pissed off at the end of the cost plus, right? You're upset, because everybody's complaining, "I'm 30% over budget. My contractor's 30% over budget." Well, what do you mean by that? Tell me more. What type of contract did you do? Why did it go over budget? You start learning more and more that it wasn't just because the contractor was a sleazeball. It's because the plans weren't thorough, it took longer to do something than expected, and you elected to do a cost plus contract. That's just the way it goes.

You have to keep that in perspective when you're thinking about going with a cost plus contract versus a fixed price.

So when is fixed price the right call? It's the right call for the custom home build with completed construction documents. It's the right call for the major remodel where scope is fully defined and selections are made — a lot easier said than done. I think most design pros and contractors would agree: it's a lot of damn work to have every single thing specified — or at least 98.7% or 92.5% of the things specified. It's a lot of damn work, but it makes for a much better experience, and you have a lot better chance of meeting your expectations.

It's the right call for homeowners who value cost certainty and are willing to lose some flexibility to get it. It's the right call for the homeowner who has the bandwidth and the budget to invest in thorough documentation upfront. It's the right call for the homeowner who would rather pay slightly more and sleep at night.

Fixed price comes with peace of mind. It also comes with time, work, and investment upfront. That's what a lot of people have a hard time with. They're so excited about getting started that they figure they can defer decisions until later, not realizing the total implications of that.

That line — "fixed price comes with peace of mind, it also comes with time, work, and investment" — is right out of my book as well.

The next couple of episodes — I think Episode 57 will be cost plus first, and then Episode 58 will take fixed price apart in detail and show you how to evaluate one, what to demand, and how to make sure the price you sign is actually the price you pay.

But for right now: cost plus on one fork, fixed price on the other. How do you choose?

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[: 31:24

Bill Reid: Cost plus or fixed price? How do you actually decide?

Here's a framework I want you to work through. Six questions. Answer them honestly, and the right method becomes obvious. Grab a pen if you can. I'm probably going to — as I'm starting to create these micro little software tools for you — I'm going to try that on this one too, just so you don't have to think too much and you don't have to grab a pen. But you might want to, if you're not into using some cool online tools.

These six questions draw, again, from questions in the book, and they're how you sort yourself out onto the right path.

Question one: how concerned am I about the total cost of this project? If your answer is "very concerned," that pushes you toward fixed price.

Question two: how tolerant am I of not knowing the exact cost before we get started? If you have low tolerance for cost uncertainty, that pushes you toward fixed price.

Question three: how concerned am I about construction duration? If you need this project finished by a date, that pushes you toward fixed price. Cost plus has a notoriously weak finish incentive.

Question four: am I willing to invest the time and money to thoroughly document this project? If yes, fixed price becomes possible. If no, fixed price isn't really on the table.

Question five: do I have the experience to manage and audit a cost plus billing process — reviewing receipts, calling suppliers, catching errors? If no, fixed price is the safer pitch.

Question six: do I have a contractor I genuinely trust, with a transparent billing relationship? If yes, cost plus becomes much safer. If you don't have that level of trust, cost plus is extremely dangerous.

Here's my honest take. If you find yourself saying, "I want certainty, but I don't want to do the documentation work," I have to be straight with you — you are asking for a result you haven't earned.

The right contract isn't the one you prefer. When homeowners ask me which contract type is best for home renovation — and they ask me this all the time — my answer is always the same. Answer those six questions first, and the contract type chooses itself.

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[ ~: 34:00

Bill Reid: I'll be straight with you about something else. There are paths between these two forks, and I'm going to give them to you in the headlines today. We'll do a full episode on the hybrids later in the series.

Hybrid one: cost plus with a not-to-exceed clause. Cost plus structure, with a ceiling. Keeps the transparency, caps your downside.

Hybrid two: guaranteed maximum price. A more formal version of a not-to-exceed clause. Common on high-end custom homes. Open-book accounting, savings often shared between owner and contractor.

Hybrid three: fixed price with allowances. A fixed price for the structure, with carved-out dollar allowances for the items you haven't decided on yet — tile, plumbing fixtures, flooring. It could be a lot of things. But you've got to be careful there, and we'll talk about that.

Hybrid four: cost plus fixed fee. Instead of a percentage markup, the contractor takes a flat fee. That removes the "more cost equals more profit" incentive concern that can come up inside your own head.

These hybrids exist because the two pure methods don't fit every project. In Episode 59 coming up, we'll do the deep dive on this. For now, just know they exist, and don't let any contractor tell you it's only one or the other.

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[ ~: 36:00

Bill Reid: All right, so if you take three things from this episode, take these, please.

Number one: contracting method is a risk conversation, not just a price conversation. Know where the pendulum sits.

Number two: whether you can get a fixed price contract is determined by the quality of your design documents — not by what you want.

Number three: the cheaper cost plus number on the front end is almost never the cheaper number at the finish line.

Coming up in the contracting methods series, we're going to take a deep dive into cost plus, including the full mitigation playbook — the hourly rate negotiation, the not-to-exceed clause, the billing review process — everything you need if cost plus is where you land.

Then we're going to take a deep dive into fixed price: how to evaluate fixed price proposals, what to demand, how to set up the milestone payment schedule.

Then we're going to talk about understanding contracts themselves: the components, change orders, payment schedules, insurance clauses, and protection language every homeowner needs to understand.

Then we're going to get into hybrid contracts — GMP (guaranteed maximum price), allowance structures, and the modern approaches that are reshaping residential construction today.

If you're working through these decisions on a real project right now, this is exactly what we're building BuildQuest to help with — organizing your contract decisions, comparing methods against your specific situation, making sure nothing falls through the cracks. The beta sign-up is still going on at buildquest.co, and I'll put a link in the show notes.

So that's Episode 55: the two forks in the trail. Wherever you are in the project right now, I want you walking into your contract conversation with eyes wide open.

If this episode helped you, share it with a homeowner you know who's about to sign something. That's the person who needs this most. I welcome your questions on Instagram and Facebook, or the good old email — all the links are in the show notes. I read every message I get.

As always, I'm Bill Reid, your home building coach. I'm here to enlighten, empower, and protect you. Let's go make it happen.